Russia is in the process of replacing its Ukrainian-made engines with domestically produced alternatives, resulting in a substantial transformation of the propulsion system of the Mi-26, the world’s heaviest serial-production helicopter. This transition is indicative of a significant technological shift in the helicopter’s development, which encompasses two critical engine projects: the PD-12B and the more recent PD-8B.
Ukrainian D-136 engines, manufactured by Motor Sich, have historically propelled the Mi-26 helicopter. These engines have been the foundation of Mi-26 operations, providing support to both military and commercial operators. At present, 17 Mi-26 helicopters are in operation by commercial entities in Russia. UTair Helicopter Services operates six helicopters, Abakan Air operates four, and SKOL maintains three. Additional operators consist of the Moscow Aviation Center, the 2nd Arkhangelsk United Aviation Squadron, PANH Airlines, and Alrosa.
The PD-12B, which was derived from the PD-14 gas generator and was originally intended for the MC-21 narrow-body aircraft, was the focal point of the initial strategy for replacing the Ukrainian engines. By 2017, the Perm division of UEC-Aviadvigatel Corporation had finalized the exploratory design phase of the power plant’s design parameters and helicopter integration specifications.
Engineers designed the PD-12B to significantly improve performance compared to its Ukrainian counterpart. It had the potential to increase power by up to 14,000 horsepower and to more effectively maintain power in humid and high-altitude climates. Despite its heavier weight compared to the D-136, the engine’s design prioritized fuel efficiency and maintenance costs. The development project aimed to complete R&D by 2025, with the initial prototype scheduled for testing in 2020.
In June 2023, the United Engine Corporation (UEC) announced the development of the PD-8B engine, which is based on the PD-8 gas generator technology, in a significant strategic move. UEC-Kuznetsov made this announcement at the inauguration of their new 10,000-square-meter, advanced technology-equipped Design and Research Center in Samara. The investment in this facility exceeds 1.5 billion rubles.
UEC General Director Vadim Badeha has assigned UEC-Kuznetsov as the main developer for the PD-8B project. UEC-Kuznetsov expects the engine to offer several significant enhancements, including a digital automatic control system, a 15% increase in power output compared to current engines, enhanced fuel efficiency, and complete adaptation to the Mi-26 helicopter platform.
The PD-8B is being developed using domestic Russian software, specifically the “Kompas-3D” CAD system. UEC-Kuznetsov has installed this system on more than 450 terminals, marking a significant advancement in Russia’s technological autonomy. The endeavor is part of a more comprehensive import substitution initiative that includes engineering analysis tools and PDM/PLM systems.
Vladimir Artyakov, First Deputy General Director of Rostec, anticipated that the installation of PD-8B engines on Mi-26 helicopters would begin within 2-3 years of the 2022 announcement. The initial flight tests were scheduled to commence in 2023, with final results and approval of experimental batch production slated for 2025. The deadlines have not been achieved.
The engine development program has broader implications than the Mi-26. This technology has the potential for international collaboration and a broader applicability, as the PD-12B was previously considered for use in the Russian-Chinese Advanced Heavy Lift (AHL) heavy transport helicopter.
Substantial infrastructure investments, like the new Design and Research Center at UEC-Kuznetsov, bolster the development. State-of-the-art apparatus and modern IT infrastructure equip this facility, dedicated to the development of power units for the aviation, space, and energy sectors. In addition to engine development, the center’s capabilities encompass the preparation of digital production and the implementation of domestic software solutions.
This engine development program is not merely a technical enhancement; it is a strategic initiative to achieve technological independence in critical aviation components. The project exemplifies Russia’s dedication to the advancement of domestic aviation technology capabilities by necessitating the close collaboration of numerous enterprises within the United Engine Corporation.
The Mi-26 transition from Ukrainian-made engines to Russian-produced alternatives is a significant milestone in its evolution, as it ensures supply chain independence and promises improved performance. The operational capabilities of the world’s heaviest serial helicopter will be contingent upon the success of these engines as development continues.
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